Porcelain is a premium subtype of ceramic tile made from highly refined, dense clay (often including kaolin). It is fired at extremely high temperatures (around 2,200°F), a process called vitrification, which fuses the materials into a completely solid, glass-like structure.
- Characteristics: Extremely dense, heavy, and structurally uniform. It has a water absorption rate of less than 0.5%, making it virtually waterproof.
- Best Used For: High-traffic floors, commercial spaces, bathrooms, showers, and outdoor patios prone to freezing.
- Pros: Highly scratch- and chip-resistant. It can mimic the look of wood, concrete, or natural stone.
- Cons: Harder and more brittle to cut, requiring a diamond-blade wet saw. It is generally more expensive than standard ceramic.